Dependent Visa UK: Requirements and Application Process

A UK Dependent visa allows qualifying family members of certain visa holders to join them in the UK.

This type of visa is designed for spouses, civil and unmarried partners, children, and in some cases parents, who wish to live with loved ones who have already secured, or are applying for, a UK visa that allows dependants to accompany them.

While UK dependent visas offer a route for families to stay together, specific criteria must be met to avoid delays in application processing or potential visa refusals, which can complicate relocation plans. Eligibility for dependent visas primarily depends on the visa category of the main visa holder, among other requirements.

This article provides a comprehensive guide to the different types of Dependent visa options in the UK, covering the eligibility criteria, required documents and application process, with practical tips to avoid common challenges and improve the quality of your application.

Section A: What is a Dependent Visa?

A Dependent visa is a general term referring to routes that allow family members of individuals who hold a valid UK visa to join them in the UK.

While there is no single or specific Dependent visa in the UK, there are several options depending on the visa status of the main visa holder.

These visas aim to enable families to stay together while one member works, studies, or resides in the UK under visa categories such as work visas.

1. Main Types of Dependent Visas

A UK Dependant Visa allows the family members (partners, children) of certain visa holders to join them in the UK. The eligibility for dependants depends on the visa category of the main visa holder, such as a Skilled Worker, Student, or someone with Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR).

a. PBS Dependant Visas

The UK Points-Based System (PBS) Dependant Visa allows family members (spouses, partners, and children) of certain visa holders, such as Skilled Worker, Innovator Founder, Global Business Mobility or Global Talent migrants, to join them in the UK.

Dependent eligibility criteria can vary depending on the main visa holder’s category. For example, the Health and Care Worker visa permits visa holders to be accompanied by dependants, except for visa holders in care worker and senior care worker roles.

Eligible dependants can live, work (with some restrictions), and study in the UK, but cannot access public funds. Each dependant must apply separately and provide proof of relationship, financial stability, and valid biometric information. The visa duration usually aligns with the main visa holder’s.

After five years in the UK, dependants may be eligible to apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) if other requirements are met.

b. Student Visa Dependants

The dependants of those on a student visa studying a postgraduate course (lasting more than 9 months) at a UK university can also join them.

The same privileges apply, allowing dependants to work and study but without access to public funds.

The ability for all student visa holders to be joined by dependants was removed for applications made after 1 January 2024.

c. Adult Dependant Relative (ADR) Visa

This visa is for close adult family members, typically elderly parents or grandparents, who need long-term care that can only be provided by family members in the UK .

2. Who Qualifies as a Dependant?

The eligibility for a Dependent Visa extends to various family members of the primary visa holder, including:

a. Spouse or Civil Partner: The legal spouse or civil partner of the primary visa holder is eligible for a Dependent Visa. Proof of a genuine and subsisting relationship is required.

b. Unmarried Partner: An unmarried partner can also qualify if they have been in a relationship akin to marriage or civil partnership for at least two years prior to the application.

c. Children: Dependent children under the age of 18 can accompany the primary visa holder. Children over 18 may also qualify if they were granted leave as dependents when they were under 18 and continue to be financially dependent on the primary visa holder.

d. Parents: In some cases, particularly for adult dependent relatives, parents can qualify if they need long-term care that cannot be provided in their home country.

Each of these dependents must meet specific criteria relating to the main applicant’s visa category and provide relevant documentation to prove their eligibility.

Section B: Dependant Eligibility Criteria

Applying for a UK Dependent Visa involves meeting specific eligibility criteria to ensure that the application is successful.

Table 1: Eligibility Criteria

1. Main Applicant Visa Status

The primary criterion for a Dependent Visa is the visa status of the main applicant:

Visa holders under most work visas, some student visa holders and those with long-term visas such as the Innovator Founder, Global Talent visa and Ancestry categories may be able to bring dependants with them to the UK.

The dependant’s eligibility is directly tied to the visa status of the main applicant, and the validity of the dependent visa is usually linked to the duration of the main applicant’s visa.

2. Relationship Proof Requirements

To qualify for a Dependent Visa, the applicant must provide proof of their relationship with the main visa holder. This includes:

a. Spouse or Civil Partner: A marriage certificate or civil partnership certificate.

b. Unmarried Partner: Evidence of cohabitation for at least two years, such as joint tenancy agreements, shared bank accounts, or utility bills in both names.

c. Children: Birth certificates showing the relationship to the main visa holder. For children over 16, additional proof of financial dependency and a shared household may be required.

d. Other Dependents: For parents or other adult relatives, proof of dependency and the necessity of long-term care that cannot be provided in the home country.

3. Financial Maintenance Requirements

In most cases, evidence will need to be provided that the main applicant can support their dependants without assistance or support from public funds.

The financial requirements vary based on the visa category of the main applicant. For example:

a. Skilled Worker Visa Holders must show a specific amount of savings to support each dependent for a minimum period, usually 28 days before the application.

The main applicant will need to show £285 in savings for their dependent partner, as well as £315 for the first dependent child and £200 for each additional dependent child.

This requirement will not apply if the worker’s sponsor holds an A-rated licence and certifies on the Certificate of Sponsorship that they will cover these funds on the worker’s behalf.

b. Student Visa Holders need to prove they have enough money to cover living costs for each dependant, in addition to their own maintenance funds.

The amount required depends on where you will be studying. For courses in London, they will need £845 per month for up to 9 months. For courses outside London, the requirement is £680 per month for the same duration.
If you are applying together as a family, you will need to demonstrate that you have enough money for your course, your own living costs, and additional funds for each dependant. However, if your partner or child applies at a different time to you, they will only need to show they have sufficient money to support themselves.

This money must be held for at least 28 consecutive days, and the final day of this period should be within 31 days of the visa application. If you are supported by a student loan or financial sponsorship, you will need to provide evidence from the relevant institution. However, if the loan does not cover your dependants, you must prove you have the necessary funds for them separately.

There are exceptions to this requirement. If your partner or child has been living in the UK with a valid visa for at least 12 months, they are not required to demonstrate they have these funds.

4. Other Specific Eligibility Conditions

In addition to the primary criteria, there are other specific conditions that dependents must meet:

a. Age Requirements: Dependent children must be under 18 at the time of application, unless they were previously granted a dependent visa and are now over 18 but still financially dependent.

b. Health and Character Requirements: Dependants will need to undergo tuberculosis (TB) testing if they are from certain countries and provide a clean criminal record certificate if required.

c. Intent to Live Together: The dependant and the main visa holder must intend to live together in the UK throughout the duration of their stay.

Section C: Required Documents

Supporting documents must be provided as part of the visa application to establish eligibility as a dependant, such as a qualifying relationship between the main visa holder and the dependant.

Several documents are required to support the application for a UK dependent visa. The main document is the passport. The applicant must provide their current passport, which should be valid and have at least one blank page for the visa. If applicable, any previous passports should also be submitted to show travel history.

Proof of relationship is necessary to verify the connection between the dependant and the main visa holder. For spouses, a legal marriage certificate is required, while civil partners must provide a civil partnership certificate. Unmarried partners need to submit evidence of cohabitation for at least two years, which can be demonstrated through joint tenancy agreements, joint bank accounts, or utility bills. For children, a birth certificate that includes the names of both parents must be provided, and in the case of adoption, legal adoption papers are required. If a child is living with only one parent, additional evidence of sole responsibility may also be needed.

Financial evidence must be submitted to prove that there are sufficient funds to support the dependants. This can include recent bank statements and, if the main applicant is employed, salary slips to show regular income. If financial support is being provided by a sponsor, their financial documents should also be included.

Regarding accommodation, the applicant must provide a copy of the tenancy agreement for rented accommodation, or, if the property is owned, proof of ownership such as mortgage statements or property deeds.

If the applicant is from a country where TB testing is mandatory, a valid TB test certificate must be included with the application.

In some cases, proof of English proficiency may be required. This can be demonstrated through passing an approved English language test or submitting certificates from institutions where the medium of instruction was English.

The visa application form must be accurately filled out, based on the type of dependant visa being applied for. Additional supporting documents, such as a police clearance certificate, may be required to show a clear criminal record. If the applicant has any health conditions, relevant medical reports should be submitted. Furthermore, letters of support from family members or friends can be included to confirm the relationship and intent to live together in the UK.

Section D: Dependent Visa Application Process

A separate application must be made for each dependent applicant, including children. Dependants can apply either at the same time as the principal visa applicant, or after the main visa has been granted.

1. Step-by-Step Guide to Applying for a Dependent Visa

The process largely involves completing the online form, submitting supporting documents and verifying the applicant’s identity, comprising the following key steps:

Step 1: Check Eligibility

Verify that you meet all eligibility criteria, including the visa status of the main applicant, relationship proof, financial requirements, and any other specific conditions.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Collect all the necessary documents as outlined in the previous section. Ensure that each document is up-to-date, correctly translated (if required), and meets the UK’s visa requirements.

Step 3: Complete the Online Application Form

Visit the official UK government visa application website. Select the appropriate visa type and fill out the online application form. Ensure that all information is accurate and matches the details in your supporting documents.

Dependants will be asked to provide the main visa applicant’s application number. This will either be a Global Web Form (GWF) or a Unique Application Number (UAN), which can be found in Home Office communications to the main applicant.

They may also be asked to provide the family linking code, if this was provided to the main applicant. This will connect all of the family’s applications.

Step 4: Pay the Visa Fee

The visa fee varies based on the type of dependent visa and the length of stay. In most cases, the fee will be the same as for the main visa application, although exceptions apply, such as the Global Talent route.

Pay the visa fee online using a credit or debit card. Keep the payment receipt as proof of payment.

Step 5: Verify Identity

After completing the online application and paying the fee, dependants will have to verify their identities, either by using the UK Immigration: ID Check’ app or booking an appointment at a local visa application centre to submit their biometric information (fingerprints and photograph). You will be advised when you apply which options you can use.

Step 6: Submit Supporting Documents

Depending on the specific requirements, you may need to submit your supporting documents in person at the visa application centre or upload them online. Follow the instructions provided during your online application.

Step 7: Wait for a Decision

After submitting your application and documents, you will need to wait for a decision. The processing time can vary, so check the typical processing times on the UK government website.

You can receive updates via email or SMS about the status of your application, or log in to check your application’s progress.

Step 8: Receive Your Visa Decision

You will be notified of the decision by email. If approved, you will be given instructions for the next steps and instructions on how to access your visa online.

If your visa is refused, you will be advised of the grounds for refusal. You may wish to take professional advice on your options, such as making a new application or challenging the decision.

2. Dependent Visa Application Fees

Dependent Visa application fees vary depending on the visa category held by the main applicant and the duration of the visa. For example, a 3-year Skilled Worker Dependant visa will cost £719 per application, while a Student Dependant visa will cost £490 to apply.

In addition to the application fees, most dependent applicants are required to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS), which grants access to the National Health Service (NHS). This fee is currently £1,035 per year of leave for adults and £776 per year for children. Some categories, such as the Health and Care Visa, are exempt from the IHS.

Section E: Dependent Visa Processing Times

Processing time for a UK Dependent visa is generally around 8 weeks under the standard service.

For an additional fee, applicants may be able to opt for priority or super priority services to expedite the processing time.

The priority service usually processes applications within 5 working days for an additional fee of £500 per application, while the super priority service aims to provide a decision within 24 hours for an additional £1,000 per application.

You will be advised when making the application if priority processing is available.

Processing times for Dependent visas can, however, vary based on several factors, including the specific visa category, the quality of the visa application information and documentation, and external factors like application volume and administrative delays.

Factors that may affect the processing time include:

a. Quality of Application

Incomplete applications or missing documents can lead to delays. Ensuring that all required documents are submitted correctly can help avoid unnecessary processing delays.

b. Accuracy of Information

Any discrepancies or inaccuracies in the application form or supporting documents can cause delays while the authorities seek clarification or additional information.

c. Time of Year

Processing times can vary depending on the time of year. Peak periods, such as the beginning of the academic year for students, can result in higher volumes of applications and longer processing times.

d. Location of Application

The processing time can also depend on the location from where the application is submitted. Some visa application centres may experience higher demand than others, affecting the overall processing time.

e. Background Checks and Additional Scrutiny

Applications requiring additional background checks or scrutiny, such as verifying the authenticity of documents or conducting security checks, can take longer to process.

f. Health Requirements

If the application requires a tuberculosis (TB) test or other medical examinations, the time taken to complete these tests and receive the results can affect the overall processing time.

g. Administrative Delays

External factors such as changes in immigration policy and administrative delays within the Home Office can also impact processing times.

h. Biometric Appointment Availability

The availability of appointments at visa application centres for submitting biometric information can affect how quickly the application moves forward.

Section F: Visa Rights and Responsibilities

Obtaining a UK Dependent Visa grants family members of the primary visa holder certain rights and responsibilities while they reside in the UK. These rights enable dependants to live, work, and study in the UK, while also requiring them to adhere to specific rules and conditions set by the UK immigration authorities.

Table: Rights and Responsibilities

1. What Visa Dependants Can Do

Dependants of skilled workers and other eligible visa holders can work in the UK, either part-time or full-time, in most professions. They do not need a separate work permit. They can also enrol in educational institutions, including schools, colleges, and universities, without needing a separate student visa.

Dependants will usually need to pay the Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS) as part of their visa application, which grants them access to NHS services while in the UK.

They can open a UK bank account, and are allowed to travel freely in and out of the UK during the validity of their visa, provided they meet re-entry requirements.

2. What Visa Dependants Cannot Do

Any activity not explicitly permitted by the visa conditions, such as engaging in business activities that require separate authorisation, is prohibited. For example, dependants are typically restricted from working as professional sportspersons or sports coaches.

Dependants are also generally prohibited from claiming most public funds or benefits, such as unemployment benefits, housing benefits, or income support.

Importantly, dependants must ensure they maintain lawful status in the UK. Overstaying can have serious immigration consequences, so dependants will need to either apply for an extension or a different visa before their visa expires, or they will have to leave the country.

3. Period of Stay

The duration of the Dependent Visa is usually tied to the validity period of the main visa holder’s visa. For example, if the primary visa holder has a visa valid for three years, the dependant’s visa will typically be valid for the same period.

The dependant’s visa usually becomes valid from the date it is issued or from the date they enter the UK, whichever is later.

4. Visa Extensions

Dependents can apply to extend their visa in line with the main visa holder’s extension, provided they remain eligible. The extension application must be submitted before the current visa expires to avoid overstaying.

To apply for an extension, dependents need to complete the relevant online application form, pay the visa extension fee, and submit updated supporting documents, including proof of relationship, financial stability, and biometric information.

The extension period granted will usually match the extended period of the main visa holder’s visa. For instance, if the primary visa holder’s visa is extended by two years, the dependant’s visa will likely be extended by the same duration.

During the extension period, dependants must continue to comply with all visa conditions, such as maintaining financial independence and not claiming public funds.

Section G: Common Challenges for Dependents

Applying for a UK Dependent visa can be a complex and detailed process, with several potential challenges that applicants might encounter. From gathering the correct documents to meeting financial requirements and navigating the application process, various issues can arise.

Potential issues applicants might face include:

1. Incomplete or Incorrect Documentation

Submitting incomplete or incorrect documents can lead to delays or rejections.

Thoroughly check the list of required documents and ensure each one is complete and accurate. Use checklists and verify documents before submission.

2. Financial Requirements

Meeting the financial requirements can be difficult, especially as the threshold increases for every dependent child.

Carefully review the financial requirements and gather necessary evidence such as bank statements, payslips, and financial support letters. Consider savings, investments, or sponsorship if needed.

3. Proof of Relationship

Providing sufficient proof of relationship, especially for unmarried partners or dependents with complex family situations.

Collect comprehensive evidence of the relationship, such as joint tenancy agreements, photographs, communication records, and affidavits from friends or family members.

4. Language Barriers and Application Errors

Language barriers or errors in completing the application form can result in processing delays or refusals.

Take professional advice to ensure the application is completed accurately and clearly.

5. Delays in Biometric Appointments

Difficulty in securing timely biometric appointments can delay the application process.

Book appointments as early as possible and monitor the appointment availability regularly.

Section H: Refused Dependent Visa Application

A refused visa can be hugely frustrating and will inevitably complicate or delay your family’s plans to relocate to the UK. Follow these steps to understand your options and next steps:

1. Understand the Grounds for Refusal

If your application is rejected, carefully review the reasons provided by the UKVI. Understanding the specific issues can help you address them in a reapplication.

2. Take Professional Advice

Consider consulting an immigration lawyer or advisor who can provide expert advice on addressing the reasons for rejection and improving your reapplication.

3. Appeal the Decision

If you believe the rejection was based on an error or unfair judgement, you may have the option to appeal the decision. Follow the official appeal process and provide any additional supporting evidence.

4. Reapply with Improvements

After addressing the issues that led to the rejection, you can reapply for the Dependent Visa. Ensure all corrections and improvements are thoroughly documented and included in the new application.

5. Manage Delays Proactively

If your application is delayed, regularly check the status online and maintain communication with the UKVI. Inquire about the reasons for the delay and provide any requested information promptly.

6. Prepare for Possible Outcomes

While aiming for a successful application, be prepared for different outcomes. Have contingency plans in place, such as alternative travel dates or additional documentation, to avoid significant disruptions.

Section I: Summary

A UK Dependent visa allows family members of those holding specific visas, such as the Skilled Worker, Student, Global Business Mobility or Innovator Founder visas, to join them in the UK.

Eligible dependants typically include spouses, civil partners, unmarried partners (with proof of a cohabitation period), and children under 18.

The visa grants dependants the right to live, work, and study in the UK, though access to public funds is generally restricted. Dependants must meet financial requirements, including proof of savings, to support themselves without relying on UK welfare.

Key risks for applicants include the possibility of visa refusal due to incomplete or incorrect documentation. For example, failing to provide adequate proof of relationship or financial stability may result in the application being denied. Overstaying or breaching the visa conditions can also lead to serious immigration consequences, including deportation or future bans.

Changes to UK immigration policies can also affect dependants, requiring applicants to stay informed of any new rules or requirements that may affect their eligibility.

Section J: Need Assistance?

DavidsonMorris are UK immigration specialists, providing expert visa application guidance. For professional support with a dependent visa application, contact us.

Section K: Dependent Visa UK FAQs

What is a UK Dependent Visa?
A UK Dependent Visa allows family members of individuals holding a valid UK visa to join them in the UK. This includes spouses, children, and sometimes parents, enabling families to stay together while the primary visa holder works, studies, or resides in the UK.

Who can apply for a Dependent Visa?
Eligible dependents include the spouse or civil partner, unmarried partner (if cohabiting for at least two years), children under 18 years old, and sometimes parents who need long-term care. Each category has specific eligibility requirements that must be met.

How long does it take to process a Dependent Visa?
The standard processing time is around 8 weeks. Priority services are available for an additional fee, with priority processing taking around 5 working days and super priority processing providing a decision within 24 hours.

Can dependents work or study in the UK?
Yes, dependents can work and study in the UK. They can take up employment in most professions and enrol in educational institutions without needing separate work or student visas.

What are the financial requirements for a Dependent Visa?
The main applicant must show they have sufficient funds to support their dependents. This typically involves providing recent bank statements, salary slips, or financial support letters. The exact amount required varies depending on the visa category of the main applicant.

How can I extend a Dependent Visa?
Dependents can apply to extend their visa in line with the main visa holder’s extension. This involves completing an online application form, paying the visa extension fee, and submitting updated supporting documents before the current visa expires.

What should I do if my Dependent Visa application is rejected?
First, review the reasons for rejection provided by the UKVI. Address these issues and consider seeking professional advice from an immigration lawyer or advisor. You may have the option to appeal the decision or reapply with improved documentation.

Are dependents allowed to claim public funds in the UK?
No, dependents are generally not allowed to claim most public funds or benefits, such as unemployment benefits, housing benefits, or income support. They must demonstrate financial independence.

What should I do if there is a delay in processing my Dependent Visa application?
If there is a delay, regularly check the status of your application online and maintain communication with the UKVI. Provide any requested information promptly and inquire about the reasons for the delay to address any potential issues quickly.

How long can dependents stay in the UK?
The duration of the Dependent Visa is usually tied to the validity period of the main visa holder’s visa. Dependents must leave the UK or apply for an extension before their visa expires.

Do dependents need to pass an English language test?
Typically, dependents are not required to pass an English language test unless specified under certain visa categories or application circumstances. Always check the specific requirements for your visa category.

Section L: Glossary

Section M: Additional Resources

UK Government: Apply for a Dependant Visa
https://www.gov.uk/uk-family-visa
Official UK government guide on how to apply for a dependant visa, including eligibility criteria, application process, and required documents.

UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI)
https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/uk-visas-and-immigration
The UKVI provides up-to-date information on visa categories, immigration rules, and the latest policy changes related to dependants.

NHS: Immigration Health Surcharge
https://www.gov.uk/healthcare-immigration-application
Information about the Immigration Health Surcharge, which dependants must pay to access the NHS when applying for visas.

British Council: English Language Requirements for Visas
https://www.britishcouncil.org/exam/ielts/uk-visa
Details on English language proficiency tests required for visa applications, including how to prepare and where to take the tests.

Citizens Advice: Applying for UK Visas
https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/immigration/applying-for-uk-visas/
Practical advice on applying for UK visas, including information about dependants, financial requirements, and how to avoid common mistakes during the application process.

Author

Anne Morris

Founder and Managing Director Anne Morris is a fully qualified solicitor and trusted adviser to large corporates through to SMEs, providing strategic immigration and global mobility advice to support employers with UK operations to meet their workforce needs through corporate immigration.

She is a recognised by Legal 500 and Chambers as a legal expert and delivers Board-level advice on business migration and compliance risk management as well as overseeing the firm’s development of new client propositions and delivery of cost and time efficient processing of applications.

Anne is an active public speaker, immigration commentator, and immigration policy contributor and regularly hosts training sessions for employers and HR professionals

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